In the end he is the Son of Man, a man whose internal struggle represents that of humanity. He is subject to doubts, fears and even guilt. A tragic figure who at the end sacrifices his own human hopes for a wider cause, Kazantzakis’ Christ is not an infallible, passionless deity but rather a passionate and emotional human being who has been assigned a mission, with a meaning that he is struggling to understand and that often requires him to face his conscience and his emotions, and ultimately to sacrifice his own life for its fullfilment. The Christ of The Last Temptation of Christ shares Katzantzakis’ anguished metaphysical and existential concerns, seeking answers to haunting questions and often torn between his sense of duty and mission, on one side, and his own human needs to enjoy life, to love and to be loved, and to have a family. The figure of Jesus was ever-present in his thoughts, from his youth to his last years. The book was translated into English and published in 1960 with the title The Saviors of God. In 1927 Kazantzakis published in Greek his “Spiritual Exercises”, which he had composed in Berlin in 1923. To attain a union with God, Kazantzakis entered a monastery for six months. However, he was also haunted by spiritual concerns. The influence of Friedrich Nietzsche on his work is evident, especially Nietzsche’s atheism and sympathy for the superman (Übermensch) concept. For then at last I would be collaborating harmoniously with the totality of the universe.” The important thing was that I should find (should create) a purpose congruent with my own self, and thus, by following it, reel out my particular desires and abilities to the furthest possible limit. Whether or not this purpose was the true one did not, at that time, have any great significance for me.
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If I did not begin by discovering what was the grand purpose of life on earth, I said to myself, how would I be able to discover the purpose of my tiny ephemeral life? And if I did not give my life a purpose, how would I be able to engage in action? I was not interested in finding what life’s purpose was objectively – this, I divined, was impossible and futile – but simply what purpose I, of my own free will, could give it in accord with my spiritual and intellectual needs. “I did not know what I was going to do with my life before anything else I wanted to find an answer, my answer, to the timeless questions, and then after that I would decide what I would become. Tortured by metaphysical and existential concerns, he sought relief in knowledge and travel, contact with a diverse set of people, in every kind of experience. Starting in his youth, Kazantzakis was spiritually restless. He gained renewed fame with the 1988 Martin Scorsese adaptation of his book The Last Temptation of Christ. He became known globally after the 1964 release of the Michael Cacoyannis film Zorba the Greek, based on the novel. Nikos Kazantzakis (18 February 1883 – 26 October 1957) was a Greek writer, mystic, and philosopher, celebrated for his novel Zorba the Greek, considered his magnum opus.
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